Cation

Definition

A positively charged ion formed when an atom loses one or more electrons, leaving it with more protons than electrons.

Sodium becomes Na+ by donating its single valence electron to reach a stable shell. Elements with one, two, or three valence electrons tend to lose them and form cations. Small, highly charged cations like calcium exert a strong electrostatic pull that drives scale formation.

Related concepts

Ionic bond · Valence electrons · Anion

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Part of The Blueprint of Water · 🧪 chemistry