Index

A back-of-book index built from the knowledge base. Terms are concept, species, and formula names plus their aliases; page numbers link to the section where the term appears. To add an index term, add it as an alias on the matching concept note and refresh.

Page numbers are estimates at 325 words per printed page and will shift in final typesetting. Roman numerals are front matter pages.

A

• Access problem: ix, 155, 158, 161
• Acid base equilibrium tug-of-war: 67
• Acid cleaning of scale: 62, 76-77, 147
• Acid Demand: 80, 88
• Acid Dissolution of Films: 119, 133
• Acid-producing bacteria (APB) (APB): 157-158
• Acids as corrosion accomplice: 107
• Activation energy: 102-103, 140
• Added Substance Calculation: 53-54
• Adhesion: vii, 28-29, 39-41, 143, 151, 180
• Aerosolization: 166
• Agglomeration: 178, 180, 183
• Aggregation: 141, 143
• Air-Water Contact Surface Area: 94, 97
• Alkalinity: appears throughout (52 pages)
• Alkalinity and the Carbonate System: appears throughout (53 pages)
• Alkalinity buffering: appears throughout (52 pages)
• Aluminum (Al): 107, 130
• Ammonia (NH₃): 214
• Amphoteric metals: 107
• Amplifier Effect: ix, 169, 176, 178, 191, 262
• Anion: 8, 11, 16, 55-56
• Anode: 103, 105-106, 111, 114-117, 121-124, 128-131, 133-134, 156, 262
• Anodic Protection: 124-125, 134
• Arrhenius rule of thumb: 103, 105, 109-110
• ASHRAE 188: 166
• ABMA Guidelines: 245-246
• Atom: vi, 4
• Atomic mass and atomic weight: 15-18
• Atomic mass unit (u): 16
• Atomic Mass Units: 16
• Atomic number: 10, 15
• Atomic Structure and Electromagnetic Forces: 261
• Atomic theory: vi, 2
• Attachment: 140-141, 154-156, 171, 173, 188, 193, 209, 267
• Attrition Strategy: 178-180
• Azoles: 56, 125

B

• Bicarbonate Decomposition: 136, 248
• Biocidal dose: 100
• Biocide: appears throughout (36 pages)
• Biocide demand: 162, 166, 177, 181-182, 184, 201, 205-206, 208-209
• Biocide Efficacy: 56, 165, 179, 197
• Biocide selection: 159, 171
• Biofilm: appears throughout (43 pages)
• Biofouling: 4, 52, 121, 143, 153, 161-162, 172, 183, 197, 201, 217, 227-228, 231, 234, 265
• Blowdown (BD): appears throughout (45 pages)
• Boiler: appears throughout (62 pages)
• Boiler Circuit: iii, x, 176, 202, 239-240, 251, 256, 263
• Boiler Efficiency: 202, 240, 253-254, 256-257, 260
• Boiler Feedwater: appears throughout (38 pages)
• Boiler Horsepower: 252
• Boiler Tubes: 11, 249
• Boiling Point: 32-33, 37, 41, 214-215, 237, 242-243, 258
• Bonding: vi, vii, 7-9, 11-12, 15, 23-24, 29
• Borrowed Order: 114
• Boundary layer: 124, 155
• Brine Tank: 54, 241, 249, 251-252, 259
• Bromine (Br₂): 101, 106-107, 158-159, 164-166, 171
• Buffering (Bicarbonate Buffer): 72
• Buffering capacity (buffer): 42, 50, 68, 72, 78, 80, 84, 86-88, 94-96, 146, 152
• Bulk Water versus Surface Conditions: 200

C

• Calcium bicarbonate (Ca(HCO₃)₂): 57, 60, 200
• Calcium carbonate (CaCO₃): appears throughout (41 pages)
• Calcium Carbonate Scale: 62, 64, 136-137, 148, 200, 240, 256
• Calcium Carbonate Scaling: ix, 80, 84, 137, 140, 142, 146, 188, 265
• Calcium carbonate solubility: 70
• Calcium phosphate (Ca₃(PO₄)₂): 139, 148, 151, 197, 201, 262
• Calcium Phosphate Precipitation: 197
• Calcium sulfate (CaSO₄): 139, 147, 262
• Carbon (C) (Carbon): appears throughout (40 pages)
• Carbon dioxide (CO₂): appears throughout (24 pages)
• Carbon Dioxide Stripping: 136, 147
• Carbonate Chemistry: 50, 80-81, 83, 87-89, 136
• Carbonate Equilibrium: appears throughout (26 pages)
• Carbonate ion (CO²⁻): 11, 23, 136
• Carbonate Speciation: 83-84, 89
• Carbonic Acid: 50, 62-63, 82-89, 91, 93, 96-97, 125, 136, 246-248, 259, 262
• Carbonic acid (H₂CO₃): 50, 62-63, 82-89, 91, 93, 96-97, 125, 136, 246-248, 259, 262
• Carryover: 55, 239, 244-245, 255, 259
• Cathode: 103, 105-106, 111, 115-117, 121-123, 125, 128-131, 133-134, 156, 262
• Cathodic Control: 123-124
• Cation: 7, 11, 16, 56
• Chemical Demand: 88-89, 201, 203, 205, 208
• Chilled water loop: 185-186, 206, 214-215, 221
• Chiller: appears throughout (33 pages)
• Chiller Circuit: 263
• Chloride Attack: appears throughout (43 pages)
• Chloride ion (Cl⁻): 44
• Chlorine (Cl₂): 7-8, 16-18, 69-71, 98, 101-102, 106-107, 111-112, 158-159, 164-166, 168-170, 172, 197
• Chromium oxide (Cr₂O₃): 118
• Closed Systems: 36, 55, 87, 124-125, 129, 148, 176, 188
• CO2 Stripping: 136, 147, 204
• Cohesion: vii, 28-31, 39, 41
• Completed Circuit: 116-117
• Compressor: 172, 215-216, 220-223, 227-228
• Concentration as Scale Driver: appears throughout (68 pages)
• Condensate Corrosion: 80, 87-88, 96, 250
• Condensate Energy Value: 253
• Condensate Return: appears throughout (23 pages)
• Condensation: 31, 214, 239
• Condenser: appears throughout (34 pages)
• Condenser Approach: 172, 182, 184, 186, 190, 201, 205-206, 209, 227, 231, 234
• Condenser approach temperature: 182, 186, 190, 201, 205-206, 209, 227, 234
• Condenser water flow rule of thumb: 222
• Condenser water loop: 215, 221
• Conditioning film: 154
• Conduction: 25-29, 41, 128, 133
• Conductivity (EC): appears throughout (49 pages)
• Conductivity and corrosion efficiency: appears throughout (49 pages)
• Conductivity as concentration surrogate: 210
• Conductivity Controller: 219, 226, 228, 230, 232, 257
• Connected Failure Modes: 193
• Connection Points: 70, 137, 158-159, 171, 178, 186, 193, 261, 263, 267
• Conservation of mass: 194
• Contact time: 49, 57, 60, 159-160
• Convection: 26-29, 41, 238
• Cooling Tower: appears throughout (60 pages)
• Cooling Tower Basin (basin): appears throughout (23 pages)
• Cooling tower evaporation: 42
• Cooling tower mass balance: vi, x, 192, 194, 196, 198, 201-204, 217-220, 224-226, 228, 230, 232, 234, 266
• Cooling Tower Rule of Thumb: 38-39
• Cooling tower ton: 222-223
• Copper Patina (patina): 118
• Corrosion: appears throughout (111 pages)
• Corrosion Cell: viii, 107, 114-116, 120-121, 128, 131-132, 157-158, 267
• Corrosion Concerns: 55
• Corrosion coupon: iii, 108, 128, 161, 165, 169, 182, 184-186, 188-190, 192, 201, 206
• Corrosion coupons (probes): iii, 108, 128, 161, 165, 169, 182, 184-186, 188-190, 192, 201, 206
• Corrosion inhibitor: appears throughout (33 pages)
• Corrosion Products: 117, 154, 176, 188-189, 193-194, 200-201, 204, 209
• Corrosion Protection by Interrupting the Circuit: viii, 123, 125-126, 168
• Corrosion Rate Interpretation: 129
• Corrosion Rate Rule: 252
• Covalent bond: 7-9, 11, 13, 21, 23, 101
• Covalent Network Solid: 47
• Critical monitoring parameters: 107
• Critical Size: 140, 142
• Crystal Growth: 124, 137, 139-140, 142, 144, 262
• Crystal lattice: 8, 11, 21, 24, 43, 46-47, 96, 135, 138, 174, 262
• Crystal Modification: 143
• Current Density: 121, 129, 131, 134
• Cycles of Concentration (COC): appears throughout (50 pages)

D

• Dead leg: 160-162, 166, 168, 171-172, 175, 203, 205
• Deaeration: 125, 239, 242-243, 251, 258
• Deaerator (DA): ii, iii, 109-110, 125, 195, 203, 239, 242-243, 248-252, 258-259, 263
• Density of Water: 15, 19, 36, 222
• Deposition: appears throughout (68 pages)
• Deposits: appears throughout (48 pages)
• Destructive oxidation: viii, 50, 56, 96-112, 114-115, 117, 119-120, 125-126, 158, 160, 204
• Diagnostic Cascade: 201
• Dielectric Union: 131
• Differential pressure: 162, 215
• Dimensional analysis: appears throughout (19 pages)
• Dip slides: 161, 165
• Dipole-Dipole Interactions: 29
• Dispersant: 160, 166, 168-169, 171-173, 178, 180, 186-187, 190-191, 209
• Dispersants: 160, 166, 178, 180
• Dispersion: 29, 44-46, 48, 59-60, 143, 151, 160, 180, 214
• Dissolution: 8, 43, 45-49, 57-59, 79, 116, 118-119, 121, 124, 133-135, 138-139, 145-146, 176, 192, 261
• Dissolved Gases: 50-51, 241-242, 246
• Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC): 83
• Dissolved Oxygen (DO): appears throughout (29 pages)
• Dissolved oxygen (O₂): appears throughout (29 pages)
• Dissolved Solids (TDS): appears throughout (39 pages)
• Dormancy: 159-160, 171
• Drift: 44, 70, 89, 100, 162, 197, 201, 217-218, 220, 224, 227, 236
• Dry-bulb temperature: 26, 223

E

• Electrochemical cell: viii, 107, 114-116, 120-121, 128, 131-132, 156-158, 267
• Electrochemical corrosion: viii, 103, 106-107, 109, 111, 114-116, 120-121, 128, 131-132, 157-158, 267
• Electrolyte: 103, 106, 111, 114-117, 122-123, 128, 130, 133, 157, 262
• Electron: appears throughout (35 pages)
• Electron shells: 15
• Electronegativity: 8-9, 12, 115
• Electronegativity and electron appetite: 101
• Enthalpy (ΔH): 45
• Entropy: 27, 44-46, 48, 57, 59, 114, 123, 126
• Equilibrium: appears throughout (55 pages)
• Equilibrium pH: 146, 152
• Equivalent Weight: 89-90, 92
• Estimating pH from Hydroxide Alkalinity: 92
• Evaporation: 26, 34-36, 38-42, 138, 147, 202-204, 211, 216-226, 228-230, 232-233, 237, 263
• Evaporation factor: 224-225, 230
• Evaporative Condenser: 80
• Evaporative Cooling: vii, 26, 34, 211, 223
• Evaporator: 80, 214-215
• Expansion valve: 215
• Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) (EPS): 154-156, 158-160, 162, 168, 170-173, 188, 191, 201, 267

F

• Feedwater Conductivity: 195, 246, 248-249, 256-257
• Feedwater Tank: x, 195-196, 203, 205-206, 239, 241, 246
• Ferrous hydroxide (Fe(OH)₂): 117
• Fill media: 95, 161, 169, 172-173, 175, 211, 216, 221
• Film Saboteurs: viii, 119-120, 131
• Film-Forming Amines: 125, 247
• Film-Forming Inhibitors: 125
• Filming Amines (FFA): 125, 247
• Flow: 37, 86, 105, 119, 154, 157, 174-175, 188, 196, 202-203, 261
• Flow management: 160
• Flow-Weighted Average: 194, 202
• Foaming: 245, 255-256, 258-259
• Four Pillars of Water Treatment: 192
• Free Body Diagram (FBD): 169, 172, 195, 197, 200-201, 203, 205-206, 209, 266

G

• Galvanic Corrosion: 122, 130, 267
• Galvanic Couple: 122, 130, 267
• Galvanic Series: 122, 133
• Galvanized Steel (Sacrificial Coating): 130
• Gibbs Free Energy (ΔG): 45-46, 59, 137-140
• Gibbs Free Energy in Scaling: 45-46, 59, 137, 139

H

• Half-Carbonate Behavior: 91
• Hardness: x, 70, 85, 91, 141-142, 145-149, 195, 202-203, 205-207, 231, 235-236, 239-241, 249, 251-252, 258-259
• Hardness as CaCO3: 146
• Hardness Breakthrough: 241, 249, 258-259
• Heat Exchanger: 28-29, 70, 119, 184, 195, 214-215, 237, 251
• Heat Flux: 178
• Heat Load: 26, 36, 217, 220, 222-225, 228, 230, 233
• Heat Transfer: appears throughout (41 pages)
• Heat-rejection chain: x, 220
• Henry’s Law: 85
• Heterogeneous Nucleation: 141, 178, 188, 201
• Heterotrophic plate count (HPC) (HPC): 165
• Hydration: 44-48, 50, 57, 59-60, 96, 135-137, 140-141, 174, 188, 262
• Hydration Energy: 44-48, 50, 57, 59-60, 96, 135-137, 140-141, 174, 188, 262
• Hydration Shell: 44, 59, 96, 137, 262
• Hydrazine: 243
• Hydrazine (N₂H₄): 243
• Hydrochloric acid (HCl): 62, 67
• Hydrocyclone Separator: 179, 183, 185, 189
• Hydrogen (H): appears throughout (80 pages)
• Hydrogen bond: vii, 13, 261
• Hydrogen Bonding: 13, 19-21, 23-24, 28-31, 33, 214, 237, 261
• Hydrogen ion (H⁺): 64-65, 70, 90, 136
• Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂): 106
• Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S): 120, 157, 170, 243
• Hydrogen-Bond Network: appears throughout (31 pages)
• Hydrogen-bond network of water: 102
• Hypochlorite ion (OCl⁻): 69, 71, 159, 164-165, 197
• Hypochlorous acid (HOCl): 69, 71, 106, 159, 164-165

I

• Increased lift: 216
• Industrial Water Treatment: iii, iv, v, 15, 35, 158, 198
• Intermolecular Cohesion: 29-31, 33
• Inverse Solubility: 11, 48, 55, 60, 85, 87, 136, 146-147, 151, 172, 235, 239
• Inverse Solubility of Calcium Carbonate: 11, 48, 55, 60, 85, 87, 136, 146-147, 151, 172, 235, 239
• Ion Activity: 51, 129, 139, 157-159, 161-162, 165, 175, 189
• Ion Exchange: 240-241
• Ionic bond: 7-8, 11, 21-23
• Ionic lattice: 8, 11, 21, 24, 43, 46-47, 62, 96, 135, 138, 174, 262
• Ionic Solids: 8, 11, 21, 24, 43-44, 46-47, 94, 96, 135, 138, 174, 262
• Iron-Oxidizing Bacteria: 122
• Iron-related bacteria (IRB) (IRB): 122, 157-158
• Isotopes: 5, 16

K

• Kinetics versus Thermodynamics: 142

L

• Langelier Saturation Index (LSI): 124, 139, 145-147, 149-152, 197, 201, 203, 234-235
• Larson-Skold Index (LS): 120, 128-129, 131-133
• Latent Heat: vii, 26, 31-42, 211-212, 215-217, 222, 224, 237-238, 246, 252, 261
• Latent Heat of Vaporization (hfg): vii, 26, 31-42, 211-212, 215-217, 222, 224, 237-238, 246, 252, 261
• Lattice Energy: 43, 46, 57, 59-60, 135, 262
• Law of Conservation of Mass: 194
• Legionella: ix, 162-163, 166-169, 171-173, 264
• Litmus test (litmus): 61
• Logarithmic scale (log10): 61, 63-64, 66-67, 69, 72-74, 92, 96, 145-146
• London Dispersion Forces: 29, 214
• Lone pairs of electrons: 12

M

• M-alkalinity: 88, 91-92, 94, 131, 146, 149
• Magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)₂): 55
• Magnesium silicate (MgSiO₃): 55, 148, 262
• Magnetite (Fe₃O₄): 70, 114, 189
• Makeup Water (MU): appears throughout (58 pages)
• Mass Balance: vi, x, 192, 194, 196, 198, 201-204, 217-220, 224-226, 228, 230, 232, 234, 266
• Mass Flow Rate: 37, 253
• Mass transfer of oxidizer: 106
• Mature community: 155-156, 161, 165, 168-169
• Mechanical cleaning: 62, 160, 166, 171, 173
• Mechanical Disruption (Erosion Corrosion): 119
• Metal path: 103, 106, 111, 115-116, 131, 134
• Metallic bond: 100
• Metallic Path: 103, 106, 111, 115-117, 123, 128, 131, 133-134, 157
• Metastable State: 139
• L as Calcium Carbonate: 89-92, 146
• Microbiological Growth: appears throughout (37 pages)
• Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC): 56, 122, 133, 156-158, 165, 193-194, 201, 209-210, 262
• Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) (MIC): 56, 133, 156-158, 165, 194, 201, 209-210
• Milliequivalents per Liter (meq/L): 89-91, 94, 96, 128-129, 133, 145
• Mils Per Year (MPY) (MPY): 106, 128-129, 131-133, 185, 206, 252
• Molar mass: 15-19, 21-22, 72
• Mole: 17
• Molecular Motion: 20, 25, 27, 29-32, 34, 36, 38, 41, 86-87, 103, 136, 140, 241
• Molecular polarity and geometry: 9, 12, 21, 23
• Molecular Shock Absorber: 32, 39

N

• Natural Water Stability: viii, 85
• Neon (Ne) (Neon): 6, 16
• Neutral Hydrogen Concentration: 73
• Neutral pH: 12, 66, 72-73, 78, 96
• Neutralization: 63, 69, 74-75, 247
• Neutralizing Amine Treatment: 87, 89, 96, 247-248
• Neutralizing Amines: 87, 89, 96, 247-248
• Neutron: 5
• Nitrite: 124-125, 131, 206
• Nitrogen (N₂): 50, 243
• Nobility: 122, 130
• Noble gases: 6, 15
• Non-oxidizing biocides: 159-160, 166, 168, 171
• Nonpolar Substances: 43
• Nucleation: 140-144, 151, 178, 181, 188, 193, 201, 262

O

• Octet Rule: 6
• Ohm’s Law in Corrosion: 128
• One mechanism, two outcomes: 101
• Open recirculating system: 218
• Open Systems: appears throughout (31 pages)
• Orders of magnitude in pH: 69, 71, 74
• ORP: 105-107, 109
• Over-neutralization: 63
• Oxidation: viii, 50, 56, 96-112, 114-115, 117, 119-120, 125-126, 158, 160, 204
• Oxidation potential as driving force: 99, 105-106, 109, 112
• Oxidizing biocides: 99, 101-102, 112, 114, 120, 154-156, 158-160, 165-166, 168, 171, 177, 184, 193-194
• Oxygen (O) (Oxygen): appears throughout (89 pages)
• Oxygen Concentration Cell: 121, 157, 168-170, 177, 262
• Oxygen Differential Cell: 121, 157, 168-170, 177, 262
• Oxygen Differential Corrosion: 121, 157, 168-170, 177, 262
• Oxygen Reduction Reaction: 102, 115-116, 134
• Oxygen Scavenger: 131, 253
• Oxygen Scavengers: 125, 131, 242-243, 253
• Ozone (O₃) (Ozone): 101-102, 106, 112

P

• P-alkalinity: 91, 94, 131
• Particle Size Distribution: 179
• Parts Per Million Concentration (mg/L): appears throughout (56 pages)
• Passivation: viii, 117-121, 125-126, 128-134, 157, 197, 267
• Passivation and circuit breaking: 107, 119-120, 123-124, 134
• Passive Film: viii, 117-121, 125, 128-134, 157, 197, 267
• Passive Ions and Tracers: 56
• Passive Oxide Layer: 55
• Percent to ppm: 54
• Periodic Table: vi, 5-6, 9-10, 15, 21-22, 261
• Periodic Table as a Map of Behavior: 5-6, 10, 15, 21-22, 261
• Periods and groups (groups): 10, 15, 29, 142-143
• Permanent structural change: 106
• pH: appears throughout (105 pages)
• pH Control (pH): appears throughout (104 pages)
• pH controls chemistry: 69, 156
• pH Definition: 72
• pH Drift: 89, 197, 201
• pH Sensor Redundancy: 81
• Phase Change: 31, 35-36, 38-39, 214, 267
• Phosphonates (ATMP): 124, 142, 148, 151
• Pitting Corrosion: 119-121, 129-130, 132-134, 162, 165, 172, 181-182, 184-186, 188, 190, 193, 200-201, 205, 209
• Planktonic cells: 154, 170, 200, 267
• pOH: 72-74, 76-78, 92, 96
• pOH Definition: 72
• Polar covalent bond: 9
• Polar molecule: 9, 12, 21
• Polarity: 9, 12, 21, 23, 28, 35, 43, 96
• Polymers: 27, 98, 143, 178
• Polyphosphates (SHMP): 142, 148, 151
• Potassium hydroxide (KOH): 63, 68
• Precipitation: appears throughout (55 pages)
• Pressure and Boiling: appears throughout (54 pages)
• Pretreatment: x, 176, 183, 239, 241, 243-244, 251, 258
• Priming: 245, 256, 258
• Proton: 4, 16, 65, 67, 70, 78, 107
• Puckorius Scaling Index (PSI): 145-147, 149, 152

Q

• qPCR molecular testing (qPCR): 165
• Quorum sensing: 155

R

• Radiation: 27
• Range (cooling tower): 230
• Reaction kinetics: 102, 107, 111, 139, 141-142, 144-145, 157, 175, 188, 242, 263
• Reconnaissance and monitoring: ix, 92, 161
• Redox potential: 157
• Redox reaction: 98
• Reduction: 98-99, 102, 105-107, 112, 114-116, 121, 134, 170, 204, 242
• Reduction Potential: 99, 105-107, 112, 114-115, 121, 134
• Refrigerant (R-134a): 31, 211-216, 227
• Refrigerant cycle: 214
• Regeneration: 241
• Removing the Oxidizer (Oxygen Control): 125, 128, 239, 242-243, 251, 258
• Repassivation: 118, 120-121, 133, 157
• Residual: appears throughout (27 pages)
• Residual oxidizer: 107
• Resistivity: 52
• Restless Nature of Metals: viii, 113
• Reverse Osmosis and Deionization (RO/DI): 55-56
• Ryznar Stability Index (RSI): 124, 139, 145-147, 149-150, 152, 234

S

• Sacrificial metal: 105, 130
• Sand Filter: 180, 183, 186, 189
• Saturation Index: 124, 139, 145-146, 263
• Saturation pH (pHs): 145-146
• Scale: appears throughout (126 pages)
• Scale Indices: 139, 145
• Scale Inhibitor: appears throughout (30 pages)
• Scale Inhibitors: ix, 141-142, 180
• Scaling Drivers: 54
• Self-Ionization: 72
• Self-ionization constant of water (Kw): 66-67, 72-73, 78
• Self-ionization of water: 66-67, 72-73, 76, 78
• Sensible Heat: vii, 30-32, 36, 38-42, 211, 224, 237, 246, 252, 254
• Sensible heat transfer: vii, 30-32, 36, 38-42, 211, 224, 237, 246, 252, 254
• Sequestration: 142-143
• Sessile bacterium: 155
• Settling: 179, 183-184, 189
• Settling Velocity: 179, 183, 189
• Sidestream Filtration: 169, 173, 179-180, 183, 186, 190-191, 201
• Silica: 46-48, 50, 55, 139, 147-149, 151, 203, 217, 219, 235, 244, 252, 259, 262
• Silica (SiO₂) (Silica): 46-48, 50, 55, 139, 147-149, 151, 203, 217, 219, 235, 244, 252, 259, 262
• Silica Polymerization: 151
• Silica Scale: 55, 147
• Silicic Acid: 47, 50, 55, 147
• Silicic acid (Si(OH)₄): 47, 147
• Silt Density Index (SDI): 183-184
• Skin Temperature: 172, 200, 209
• Sling psychrometer: 223
• Smallest Lever Principle: vi, 267
• Sodium chloride (NaCl): 7, 17-18, 43, 47-48, 53-54, 57-60, 98, 105, 240
• Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl): 54
• Sodium ion (Na⁺): 44
• Sodium sulfate (Na₂SO₄): 243
• Sodium Sulfite: 243, 253, 258
• Sodium sulfite (Na₂SO₃): 243, 253, 258
• Softening: 55-56, 91
• Solids mass balance: 225
• Solubility: appears throughout (40 pages)
• Solubility limit: 139, 151, 219
• Solubility Product Constant (Ksp): 138
• Solvent Power of Water: 43, 45-49, 57-59, 116, 119, 121, 124, 133-135, 138, 145-146, 261
• Specific Heat: 32, 35-37, 39, 41, 211, 213, 222, 230, 233, 237, 250, 254, 261
• Specific Heat Capacity (cp): 32, 35-39, 41, 211, 213, 222, 230, 233, 237, 250, 253-254, 261
• Specific heat of water: 36, 222, 250, 254
• Stainless Steel Passivation: 118
• Standard Dosage Formula: 54
• Standard reduction potential: 99, 105-107, 112, 114-115, 121, 134
• States of Matter (Phase): 29-31, 33-42, 204, 211, 214, 238, 244, 261, 267
• Steam: appears throughout (43 pages)
• Steam Expansion Ratio: 252
• Steam Traps: 245-248
• Steam-Condensate Loop: x, 239, 246
• Steric Repulsion: 180
• Stoichiometric Ratio: 203
• Stoichiometry: 16, 18, 203, 253
• Structural collapse of metals (rust formation) (Rust): 189
• Sulfate Attack: appears throughout (25 pages)
• Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria (SRB): 120, 122, 133, 157-158, 162, 165, 170-171, 189, 193, 201
• Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) (SRB): 122, 157-158, 165, 170-171, 189, 201
• Sulfite (SO₃²⁻): 9, 125, 195-197, 200, 202-203, 205, 208, 243, 249-253, 256-259, 263, 266
• Sulfite Demand from Dissolved Oxygen: 203
• Sulfite Oxygen Scavenging: 196, 202-203, 205, 208
• Sulfite Residual: 195, 250, 257
• Sulfur dioxide (SO₂): 243
• Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄): 81, 147, 149-151
• Supercharging the Corrosion Cell: viii, 120, 122
• Supersaturation: ix, 139, 142-144, 149, 151, 178, 197, 201, 235, 262, 267
• Susceptible population: 166
• Suspended Solids (TSS): appears throughout (39 pages)
• System Volume Turnover: 183
• Systems thinking: 163, 194

T

• TDS-Conductivity Relationship: 52
• Temperature: appears throughout (107 pages)
• Temperature compensation: 73
• Temperature Dependence of Solubility: 48
• Temperature paradox: 102-103, 105, 107, 109, 243, 249
• Temperature Paradox of Corrosion: 262
• The Blueprint: appears throughout (114 pages)
• The Blueprint Method: 266
• The Four Levers: viii, 83
• The Four Pillars: x, 192, 197, 262, 267
• The Four Questions: 195, 200, 206, 217
• The Law of Flow: 105
• Thermal disinfection: 160, 166
• Thermodynamic Duality of Corrosion and Scale: ix, 126
• Three Energy Reservoirs in Water: 38, 40
• Three Fates of Matter: vii, 48
• Threshold Inhibition: 124, 142-143
• Ton of Refrigeration: 36, 212
• Tons of refrigeration: 212, 222-223
• Total Dissolved Solids (TDS): 49, 52-53, 55, 57, 59-60, 146, 149-150, 201, 233, 244-246, 252, 259
• Total Suspended Solids (TSS): 49, 182, 184
• Tracer ion comparison: 226
• Transactional oxidation: 98, 109, 111
• Transformations: 37, 204-206, 209, 214, 261
• Translation, Rotation, and Vibration: 29-30
• Tubercle: 117, 157, 193, 201, 205
• Turbidity: 60, 168, 171, 180, 182-183, 186, 190, 200-201
• Turbidity Trending: 182

U

• Under-Deposit Corrosion (UDC): 121-122, 130, 133, 162, 172, 177-178, 181-182, 184, 188-191, 193, 197, 201-202, 209-210
• Unmetered losses: 218
• Upstream Alkalinity Removal: 55, 96

V

• Valence electrons: vi, 6-7, 10, 12, 15-16, 21, 24
• Viable-but-nonculturable organisms (VBNC): 165
• Voltage as Electromotive Force: 115-116, 120, 242, 258

W

• Water (H₂O) (Water): appears throughout (258 pages)
• Water as a Solvent: vii, 43
• Water efficiency versus chemical risk: 219
• Water Hammer: 245, 248, 256-257
• Water molecule structure: 12
• Water Softening: 54, 240-241, 244, 251, 258-259, 263
• Weighted Average: 15-16, 194-195, 202
• Wet-bulb temperature: 222-223

Z

• Zinc (Zn) (Zinc): 107, 118, 130

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Knowledge base terms that never appear in the book text (106 concepts, 32 species, 85 formulas)

These are fine (many are knowledge base vocabulary), but scan for anything the book should mention by name. Concepts only: ATP assay · Acid Dissociation of Carbonic Acid and Bicarbonate · Acid Feed for Scale Control · Air as a heat-transport medium · Alkaline water antacid analysis · Amine Volatility Amphoterism of Bicarbonate · Approach (cooling tower) · Avogadro’s number · BTU (British Thermal Unit) · Biofilm fingerprints · Biological destruction by oxidation Biological pH tolerance · Blowdown Fuel Penalty · Boiler Alkalinity Breakdown · Boiler Makeup Softening · Bond Polarity of CO2 · CO2 Generation Rule of Thumb CO2 Stripping in Cooling Towers · Calcium Phosphate Scale · Calcium Sulfate Scale · Calcium carbonate aside · Carbonate Mineral Weathering · Carbonate Scale Formation Carbonate conversion cascade · Carbonate system shift with pH · Carbonation (Dissolution of CO2) · Carbonic Acid Formation · Cause Over Symptom Diagnosis · Charge Balance Charge Delocalization · Chiller energy penalty · Chloride Salt Dissolution · Chlorine speciation by pH · Chlorine speciation · Concentration (Lever) Conductivity controller limitation · Cooling load scale · Corrosion control by pH · Corrosion control levers · Crossover pH Values · Detachment and seeding Diminishing returns of cycles · Discharge pH requirements · Dissociation Constants and Temperature · Drift eliminator · Electrical conductivity of pure water · Fermentation sensitivity to acidity Filter Types and Removal Rating · Flashing · Four requirements for electrochemical corrosion · Fugitive Calcium Carbonate Film · Gas Solubility and Temperature · Grotthuss proton hopping Heat Transfer Fouling · Heat as relocated energy · Heat capacity of water · High risk areas for oxygen corrosion · Hydrogen ion as bare proton · Hydronium ion formation Ice · Iron Oxidation and Precipitation · Kinetic restraint of oxygen · Magnesium Scale Behavior · Magnesium Silicate Scale · Magnetite protective film Mild Steel Passivation · Molecular oxygen as default oxidant · Non-Detect · Nonpolar bond · Oxygen gradient · Oxygen solubility versus temperature P or M Speciation Relationships · P- and M-alkalinity Titration · Percent to ppm Conversion · Phase transition cooling · Phosphate Sludge Conditioning · Planktonic versus Sessile Cells Pressure (Lever) · Pressure control of phase change · Relative humidity limit on evaporation · Sensor Validation · Signal versus Source · Silica Dissolution Stokes’ Law · Strong acid dissociation · Strong base attack (saponification) · Strong base dissociation · Sulfite Scavenging · Surface Fouling on Metal Surfaces Symptoms Versus Causes · Temperature (Lever) · Temperature Effect on Solubility · Temperature dependence of neutral pH · Thermodynamic favorability versus reversal · Total Dissolved Solids Measurement Water Consultant Mindset · Water Softener · pH (Lever) · pH Effect on Carbonate Speciation · pH as equilibrium position · pH definition formula pH effects on corrosion · pH electrode method · pH gradient · pH plus pOH equals 14