Scale
Everything in The Blueprint of Water about scale, anchored on Chapter 8: Scale.
Chapter
Concepts (34)
Aggregation · Calcium Carbonate Scale · Calcium Phosphate Scale · Calcium Sulfate Scale · Carbon Dioxide Stripping · Carbonate Chemistry · Charge Delocalization · Concentration as Scale Driver · Critical Size · Crystal Growth · Crystal Modification · Dispersion · Gibbs Free Energy in Scaling · Hydration · Inverse Solubility · Ion Activity · Kinetics versus Thermodynamics · Magnesium Silicate Scale · Metastable State · Nucleation · Polymers · Polyphosphates · Puckorius Scaling Index · Saturation pH · Scale Indices · Scale Inhibitors · Sequestration · Silica Scale · Solubility Product Constant · Supersaturation · Surface Fouling on Metal Surfaces · Temperature Effect on Solubility · Threshold Inhibition · pH Effect on Carbonate Speciation
Formulas (16)
Calcium ion concentration from hardness · Cycles of Concentration (chloride) · Cycles of Concentration (conductivity) · Equilibrium pH (pHeq, empirical) · Ion concentration at tower · Langelier Saturation Index (LSI) · Milliequivalents per liter from mg or L as CaCO3 · Puckorius Scaling Index (PSI) · Ryznar Stability Index (RSI) · Saturation pH (pHs) · Solubility Product Constant (Ksp) · Weight of water per gallon · pHs term A (TDS factor) · pHs term B (temperature factor) · pHs term C (calcium hardness factor) · pHs term D (alkalinity factor)
Species (4)
CaSO₄ · Ca₃(PO₄)₂ · MgSiO₃ · Si(OH)₄
Catalogs (1)
Practice problems (10)
P08.01 A tower is running at LSI 11 but has no · P08.02 Explain why CaCO often precipitates on · P08.03 Define supersaturation in one sentence Then · P08.04 Explain how a phosphatebased inhibitor can · P08.05 A water treater says Our LSI is negative so we · P08.06 Makeup conductivity 850 Scm tower conductivity · P08.07 A tower uses sulfuric acid for pH control · P08.08 Compute pH and LSI for pH 86 T 40C TDS 2200 · P08.09 Using pH from Question 8 compute RSI and · P08.10 Using alkalinity from Question 8 compute pHeq
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